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Murchhana

In the past, it coincided with the Mīḍ, but now it exclusively denotes Āroha and Avaroha, representing the complete ascending (Krama) and descending (Vyutkrama) movement of a scale. Mūrcchanā corresponds to the modulation in Euroculture music. Currently, only the Mūrcchanā of the Ṣaḍja Grāma and the Madhyama Grāma are considered, as the Gāndhāra Grāma is considered obsolete. The distinction between the Ṣaḍja Grāma and the Madhyama Grāma depends on the value of the Ṥrutī in the notes P and D. The primary scale of the past aligns with the present-day Kāfī scale, featuring flat or Komala G and N. There are four types of Mūrcchanā in each Grāma based on the number of Ṥrutī in the notes G and N:

(1) Ṥuddha Mūrcchanā, where G and N are flat or Komala.

(2) Sakālīka Mūrcchanā, where only G remains flat, and N is augmented.

(3) Sāntara Mūrcchanā, where only N remains flat, and G is augmented.

(4) Sāntarakākalīka Mūrcchanā, where both N and G are augmented, creating the diatonic major scale.

Here are the Mūrcchanās of the Ṣaḍja Grāma and the Ṥuddha Mūrcchanās of the Madhyama Grāma, including names from the Śāstras and widely used Ṭhāṭas today:

Ṣaḍja Grāma

Ṥuddha Mūrcchanā

Saṁgītaratnākara Nārada Āroha Avaroha Scala Odierna Ṭhāṭa

1.Uttaramandrā Uttaravarṇā SRGMPDN NDPMGRS SRgMPDn Kāfī

2. Rajanī Abhirudgatā ṆSRGMPD DPMGRSṆ SRGMPDN Bilāvala

3. Uttarāyatā Asvakrāntā ḌṆSRGMP PMGRSṆḌ SrgMmdn -----

4.Ṥuddhaṣaḍja Saubīrī P̣ḌṆSRGM MGRSṆḌP̣ SRgMPdn Āsāvarī

5. Matsarīkṛt Hṛṣyakā ṂP̣ḌṆSRG GRSṆḌP̣Ṃ SRGMPDn Khamāj

6. Aśvakrāntā Uttarāyatā G̣ṂP̣ḌṆSR RSṆḌP̣ṂG̣ SRGmPDN Kalyāṇa

7. Abhirudgatā Rajanī ṚG̣ṂP̣ḌṆS SṆḌP̣ṂG̣Ṛ SrgMPdn Bhairavī

Madhyama Grāma

Ṥuddha Mūrcchanā

Saṁgītaratnākara Nārada Āroha Avaroha Scala Odierna Ṭhāṭa

1. Soubīrī Āpyāyanī MPDNṠṘĠ ĠṘṠNDPM SRGMPDn Khamāj

2. Harināśvā Visvahṛtā GMPDNṠṘ ṘṠNDPMG SRGmPDN Kalyāṇa

3. Kalopanatā Candrā RGMPDNṠ ṠNDPMGR SrgMPdn Bhairavī

4. Ṥuddhamadhya Hemā SRGMPDN NDPMGRS SRgMPDn Kāfī

5. Mārgī Kapardinī ṆSRGMPD DPMGRSṆ SRGMPDN Bilāvala

6. Pauravī Maitrī ḌṆSRGMP PMGRSṆḌ SrgMmdn -----

7. Hṛṣyakā Candrāvatī P̣ḌṆSRGM MGRSṆḌP̣ SRgMPdn Āsāvarī

Ṣaḍja Grāma

Sakālīka Mūrcchanā

Saṁgītaratnākara Āroha Avaroha Scala Odierna Ṭhāṭa

1.Uttaramandrā SRGMPDN NDPMGRS SRgMPDN -----

2. Rajanī ṆSRGMPD DPMGRSṆ SrgGmdn -----

3. Uttarāyatā ḌṆSRGMP PMGRSṆḌ SRgMmdn -----

4.Ṥuddhaṣaḍja P̣ḌṆSRGM MGRSṆḌP̣ SRGMPdn -----

5. Matsarīkṛt ṂP̣ḌṆSRG GRSṆḌP̣Ṃ SRGmdDn -----

6. Aśvakrāntā G̣ṂP̣ḌṆSR RSṆḌP̣ṂG̣ SRGmdDN -----

7. Abhirudgatā ṚG̣ṂP̣ḌṆS SṆḌP̣ṂG̣Ṛ SRgMPDN -----

Sāntara Mūrcchanā

Saṁgītaratnākara Āroha Avaroha Scala Odierna Ṭhāṭa

1.Uttaramandrā SRGMPDN NDPMGRS SRGMPDn Khamāj

2. Rajanī ṆSRGMPD DPMGRSṆ SRGmPDN Kalyāṇa

3. Uttarāyatā ḌṆSRGMP PMGRSṆḌ SrgMPdn Bhairavī

4.Ṥuddhaṣaḍja P̣ḌṆSRGM MGRSṆḌP̣ SRgMPDn Kāfī

5. Matsarīkṛt ṂP̣ḌṆSRG GRSṆḌP̣Ṃ SRGMPDN Bilāvala

6. Aśvakrāntā G̣ṂP̣ḌṆSR RSṆḌP̣ṂG̣ SrgGmdn -----

7. Abhirudgatā ṚG̣ṂP̣ḌṆS SṆḌP̣ṂG̣Ṛ SRgMPdn Āsāvarī

Sāntarakākalīka Mūrcchanā

Saṁgītaratnākara Āroha Avaroha Scala Odierna Ṭhāṭa

1.Uttaramandrā SRGMPDN NDPMGRS SRGMPDN Bilāvala

2. Rajanī ṆSRGMPD DPMGRSṆ SrgMmdn -----

3. Uttarāyatā ḌṆSRGMP PMGRSṆḌ SRgMPdn Āsāvarī

4.Ṥuddhaṣaḍja P̣ḌṆSRGM MGRSṆḌP̣ SRMPDn Khamāj

5. Matsarīkṛt ṂP̣ḌṆSRG GRSṆḌP̣Ṃ SRGmPDN Kalyāṇa

6. Aśvakrāntā G̣ṂP̣ḌṆSR RSṆḌP̣ṂG̣ SrgMPdn Bhairavī

7. Abhirudgatā ṚG̣ṂP̣ḌṆS SṆḌP̣ṂG̣Ṛ SRgMPdn Kāfī

Except for Sakālīka Mūrcchanā, all other Mūrcchanās have counterparts in the widely used Ṭhāṭas today. There are controversies regarding the distribution of Ṥrutī, and it's notable that, for instance, the Bilāvala Ṭhāṭa can be reached through multiple routes.

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