Various forms exist within Indian classical music, categorized as Anibaddha and Nibaddha. The former represents a musical form entirely devoid of rhythmic constraints, such as Tāla or any metrical structure, akin to the initial segment of the Ālāpa. In contrast, the latter is intricately connected to rhythm and Tāla, where these elements play a pivotal role. Examples of this category include songs, Tarānā, Gat, Saragam, and more. The Ālāpa itself encompasses both forms, united by the Joḍ.

In the expansive realm of Indian sub-continental music, the concept of Gharānā introduces a fascinating dimension. Within Gharānās, Rāgas with identical names may exhibit significant variations. Field theorists have highlighted the challenge of cataloging all these variations comprehensively. This work, drawing from Bimalakanta Roychaudhuri's "The Dictionary of Hindustani Classical Music," presents a list indicating the number of existing varieties within the same Rāga and another list categorizing Rāgas belonging to the same group, including mixed Rāgas. For further exploration, the Hindustani Rāga Index, compiled by Patrick Moutal, proves to be an insightful guide.

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List 1: Number of Varieties of the Same Rāga Present in Different Gharānās:

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1 Āḍambarīkānhaḍā 2

2 Āśā 2

3 Āsāvarī 2

4 Bādahaṁsa Sāraṅga 4

5 Bāgeśrī 2

6 Bahādurī Toḍī 2

7 Barvā 2

8 Basavarā 2

9 Bhavasākha 2

10 Bhīma 2

11 Bhinna  Ṣaḍja 2

12 Bhūpāla Toḍī 2

13 Bihāga 2

14 Bihāgaḍā 2

15 Cañcalasasamalhāra 2

16 Candrakauśa 2

17 Chāyātoḍī 2

18 Citragaurī2

19 Darbārīkānhaḍā 2

20 Deśagauḍa 2

21 Deśakāra 2

22 Devagiri Bilāvala 5

23 Dhanāśrī 2

24 Dhavālaśrī 2

25 Dhuliyā Sāraṅga 2

26 Dipaka 2

27 Durgā 2

28 Gāndhārītoḍī 2

29 Gauḍamalhāra 2

30 Gaurī 6

31 Gorakha Kalyāṇa 4

32 Guṇakrī 2

33 Haridāsī Malhāra 2

34 Hema 2

35 Hindola 2

36 Jaṅglā 3

37 Jayajaya Bilāvala 2

38 Jayanta Bihāga 2

39 Jayet 4

40 Jayet Kalyāṇa 2

41 Zilaf 2

42 Jogiyā 2

43 Kāfī 2

44 Kaukubha Bilāvala 2

45 Khamāj 2

46 Khaṭ 2

47 Kṣema Kalyāṇa 2

48 Lācārī Toḍī 5

49 Laṅkādahana Sāraṅga 4

50 Madhumādhavī Sāraṅga 5

51 Malaśrī 2

52 Māligaurā 3

53 Māṁjha 2

54 Māṅgala Bhairava 3

55 Māru 2

56 Māru Kedāra 2

57 Meghamalhāra 2

58 Miyān Kī Sāraṅga 5

59 Nārāyaṇī 2

60 Nāyakī Kānhaḍā 4

61 Nīlāmbarī 2

62 Pahāḍī 2

63 Palāśrī 2

64 Pañcama 7

65 Paṭamañjarī 3

66 Firozkhānī Toḍī 2

67 Pilū 2

68 Prabhātabhairava 3

69 Pratāpalaṅkeśvara 2

70 Pūravī 2

71 Pūrvā 2

72 Rāmakalī 4

73 Sāmanta Sāraṅga 2

74 Ṥaṅkarā Aruṇa 2

75 Ṥaṅkarābharaṇa 2

76 Ṥaṅkarākaraṇa 2

77 Sāvanī 2

78 Sāverī 2

79 Ṥivmata Bhairava 2

80 Sohanī 3

81 Ṥuddha Kauśa 2

82 Ṥuddha Malhāra 2

83 Ṥuddha Sāraṅga 2

84 Ṥuklabilāvala 2

85 Sūradāsī Malhāra 2

86 Surāṭī Kānhaḍā 2

87 Ṥyāma Kalyāṇa 3

88 Tilaka Kāmoda 3

89 Triveṇī 2

90 Varāṭi o Vararī 2

91 Vasanta 6

92 Vibhāsa 4

93 Vṛndāvanī Sāraṅga 2

94 Yamana 4

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List 2. Different Rāgas belonging to the same category.

I Bahār

1Aḍāṇā

2 Bāgeśrī

3 Bhairava

4 Bhairavī

5 Hindola

6 Jaunapurī

7 Lalita

8 Mālakauśa

9 Sohanī

10 Ṥuddha

11 Sūhā

II Bhairava

1 Ādi

2Ahīra

3 Ānanda

4 Auḍuva

5 Bangālī

6 Bilāskhānī

7 Kallinātha

8 Komala

9 Māṅgala

10 Naubadkhānī

11 Palāśrī

12 Pañcamukhī

13 Prabhāta

14 Ṣāḍava

15 Sāmanta

16 Sarasvatī

17 Ṥivamata

18 Śrī

19 Ṥuddha

20 Ṭaṁka

21 Vairāgī

22 Vasanta

23 Viṣṇu

III Bhairavī

1 Ānanda

.2 Āśā

3 Kasaulī

4 Kauśī

5 Palāśrī

6 Sāmanta

7 Sindhu

8Sindhurā

9 Sohana

10 Ṥuddha

11 Toḍī

IV Bihāga

1 Deva

2 Hema

3 Jayanta

4 Komala

5 Mālava

6 Māru

7 Naṭa

8 Paṭa

9 Rainī

10 Ṥuddha

V Bilāvala

1 Ahīrī

2 Ahīrī Bhairava

3 Alhaiyā

4 Auḍuva

5 Auḍuva Devagiri

6 Bangālī

7 Devagiri

8 Haṁsa

9 Hema

10 Jayajaya

11 Kṣema

12 Kukubha

13 Lacchāsākha

14 Māru

15 Mudrā

16 Mudrika

17 Naṭa

18 Sarpardā

19 Ṥuddha

20 Ṥukla

21 Vibhāsa

22 Yamanī

VI Gaurī

1 Citra

2 Lalitā

3 Mālīgaurā

4 Māravā

5 Ṥuddha

6 Ṭaṁkī

VII Jhiṁjhiṭa (Jhiṁjhoṭī)

1 Deva

2 Gārā

3Kasaulī

4 Lūma

5 Nūrapurī

6 Pahāḍī

7 Ṥuddha

VIII Kalyāṅa

1 Bhoga

2 Bhūp

3 Bilāskhānī

4 Candra

5 Chāyā

6 Dīpaka

7 Gorakha

8 Guṇa

9 Hamīra

10 Hema

11 Jaita

12 Kāmoda

13 Kedāra

14 Kṣema

15 Myān Kī

16 Pūrvā

17 Pyāra

18 Rainī

19 Ravi

20 Ṥaṅkara

21 Sāvanī

22 Ṥuddha

23 Ṥyāma

24 Yamana

IX Kāmoda

1 Gopī

2 Hema

3 Karuṇa

4 Śrī

5 Ṥuddha

X Kānhaḍā

1 Āḍambarī

2 Bāgeśrī

3 Bhūpa

4 Bilāskhānī

5 Candramukhī

6 Darbārī

7 Daulatī

8 Devaśākha

9 Husaynī

10 Jayantī

11 Kauśika

12 Khamājī

13 Kolāhala

14 Mudrā Kī

15 Nāgadhavani

16 Naubadkhānī

17 Nāyakī

18 Palāśrī

19 Pañcamukhī

20 Sindūrā

21 Ṥuddha

22 Sughrāī

23 Sūhā

24 Sūhā-Sughrāī

25 Surathī

26 Vāsantī

XIKauśa

1 Bhava

2 Candra

3 Māla

4 Māṅgala

5 Rava

6 Ṥuddha

7 Sūrya

XII Kedāra

1 Cāṁdnī

2 Jaladhara

3 Komala

4 Maluhā

5 Manohara

6 Māru

7 Sāvanī

8 Ṥuddha

XIII Khamāj

1 Ahaṁ

2 Gārā

3Hamīra

4 Jhiṁjhiṭa (Jhiṁjhoṭī)

5 Lūma

6 Ṥuddha

7 Tilaṁga

XIV Malhāra

1 Aruṇa

2 Bilāsī

3 Cañcalasasa

4 Carjū Kī

5 Deśa

6 Dhuṁdhi Kī

7 Dhuriyā

8 Gauḍa

9 Hā-Hā-Hū-Hū

10 Haridāsi

11 Jāja

12 Jayajayantī

13 Kāmoda

14 Madanamañjarī

15 Mathurādāsakī

16 Megha

17 Mīrābāī Kī

18 Myān Kī

19 Naṭa

20 Naubadkhānī

21 Purānī

22 Rāmadāsī

23 Rūpamañjarī

24 Sat Kī

25 Sohana

26 Ṥuddha

27 Sūradāsī

28 Suraṭha

XV Naṭa

1 Bṛhannaṭa

2 Chāyā

3 Gauḍa

4 Kāmoda

5 Kedāra

6 Naṭakindra

7 Naṭakurañjikā

8 Naṭanārāyaṇa

9 Ṥuddha

XVI Rāmakalī

1 Komala

2 Paraja

3 Ṥuddha

XVII Ṥaṅkarā

1 Aruṇa

2 Bharaṇa

3 Karaṇa

4 Ṥuddha

5 Ṥudhaṁkarā

6 Varaṇa

7 Yamana

XVIII Sāraṅga

1 Baḍaṁsa

2 Bhīma

3 Dhuliyā

4 Gauḍa

5 Gaurahāra

6 Laṅkādahana

7 Luma

8 Madhumādhavī

9 Māru

10 Myān Kī

11 Raktahaṁsa

12 Sāmanta

13 Sāraṅgī

14 Sarpa

15 Ṥuddha

16 Ṥukla

17 Suraṭhī

18 Suta

19 Vṛndāvanī

XIX Toḍī

1 Adāraṅgī

2 Ahīrī

3 Aañjanī

4 Āsāvarī

5 Bahādurī

6 Bhūpāla

7 Bilāskhānī

8 Chāyā

9 Chāyālī

10 Darbārī

11 Deśī

12 Devagāndhāra

13 Firozkhānī

14 Gāndhārī

15 Gāndrikā

16 Gurjarī

17 Jaunapurī

18 Kāfī

19 Khaṭa

20 Komala Deśī

21 Lācārī

22 Lakṣmī

23 Mārgī

24 Myān Kī

25 Prabhātapaṭa

26 Rāma

27 Ṥuddha

28 Turkī

29 Varārī

XX Vasanta

1 Gopī

2 Lalita

3 Pañcama

4Paraja

5 Śrī

6 Ṥuddha

7 Basantabahār

8 Basantabhairava

9 Basantamukhārī

10 Basantanārāyaṇī